Goldman Risk Index Calculator
Goldman Cardiac Risk Index Calculator works out Score and Index used from Third heart sound (S3 gallop) or jugular venous distension (+11), Myocardial infarction in the previous 6 months (+10) and Rhythm other than sinus, or premature atrial contractions, on the last preoperative ECG (+7). The default figures on this page give score of 0; change any entry and the result, the working and the sources update together.
Your figures
Updates as you typeHow this is worked out
3 steps
- No Goldman criterion is present, so the total is 0.
- Total 0 of a possible 53, which is Class I (0-5 points).
- In the 1977 cohort, 5 of 537 Class I patients had a life-threatening cardiac complication or died of a cardiac cause: 0.9%.
Criteriatable
| criterion | points | maximum | met |
|---|---|---|---|
| Third heart sound (S3 gallop) or jugular venous distension | 0 | 11 | No |
| Myocardial infarction in the previous 6 months | 0 | 10 | No |
| Rhythm other than sinus, or premature atrial contractions, on the last preoperative ECG | 0 | 7 | No |
| More than 5 premature ventricular contractions per minute at any time before surgery | 0 | 7 | No |
| Age over 70 years | 0 | 5 | No |
| Emergency operation | 0 | 4 | No |
| Intraperitoneal, intrathoracic or aortic operation | 0 | 3 | No |
| Important valvular aortic stenosis | 0 | 3 | No |
| Poor general medical status | 0 | 3 | No |
Its 5 worked examples are re-run on every release, last on 15 September 2026. What changed
Sources and references
3 sources
What the Goldman Cardiac Risk Index Calculator calculates
Scores perioperative cardiac risk before non-cardiac surgery by the Revised Cardiac Risk Index of Lee et al., reporting both the original 1999 validation-cohort event rates and the CCS 2017 pooled estimates, and by the original 1977 Goldman multifactorial index with its class and published complication rate.
How to use this Goldman Cardiac Risk Index Calculator
Enter Third heart sound (S3 gallop) or jugular venous distension (+11), Myocardial infarction in the previous 6 months (+10), Rhythm other than sinus, or premature atrial contractions, on the last preoperative ECG (+7) and More than 5 premature ventricular contractions per minute at any time before surgery (+7). Score updates as you type. Change one figure at a time to see what drives the result.
How the result is worked out
Open “How this is worked out” beside the result for the step-by-step calculation behind Score, Index used and Risk class.
The method follows Lee TH, Marcantonio ER, Mangione CM, et al. Derivation and prospective validation of a simple index for prediction of cardiac risk of major noncardiac surgery, Duceppe E, Parlow J, MacDonald P, et al. Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines on perioperative cardiac risk assessment and management for patients who undergo noncardiac surgery and Goldman L, Caldera DL, Nussbaum SR, et al. Multifactorial index of cardiac risk in noncardiac surgical procedures.
What you can compare
Change one input at a time to see how it affects Score, Index used and Risk class. The inputs you can vary are Third heart sound (S3 gallop) or jugular venous distension (+11), Myocardial infarction in the previous 6 months (+10), Rhythm other than sinus, or premature atrial contractions, on the last preoperative ECG (+7), More than 5 premature ventricular contractions per minute at any time before surgery (+7), Age over 70 years (+5) and Emergency operation (+4).
Understanding Score, Index used and Risk class
A risk index, not a decision. Both indices were derived in specific surgical populations decades apart and neither includes functional capacity, the urgency of the operation as a continuous variable, or biomarker data. Perioperative management is a clinical judgement.
Results are general information, not financial, tax, legal, medical or engineering advice. Check any decision that matters with a qualified professional.
See something wrong? Report a problem with this calculator
Frequently asked questions
What information do I need for the Goldman Cardiac Risk Index Calculator?
You need Third heart sound (S3 gallop) or jugular venous distension (+11), Myocardial infarction in the previous 6 months (+10), Rhythm other than sinus, or premature atrial contractions, on the last preoperative ECG (+7), More than 5 premature ventricular contractions per minute at any time before surgery (+7), Age over 70 years (+5), Emergency operation (+4), Intraperitoneal, intrathoracic or aortic operation (+3) and Important valvular aortic stenosis (+3). The page opens with default figures that give score of 0, so you can see the scale before entering your own.
What does this Goldman Cardiac Risk Index Calculator show?
It shows Score, Index used, Risk class, Published event rate, 95% confidence interval, What "event" means here, Rate taken from and The other published rate for this score, with the working and any warnings for your entries.
Can I check how the Goldman Cardiac Risk Index Calculator result was calculated?
Yes. The “How this is worked out” section shows the calculation steps, and the sources section identifies the references used for the method.